Fluid-fuel burner



T. S. DERR.

FLUID FUEL BURN ER. APPLICATION FILED JAN.16, 1920.

l ,423,3 1 2 Patented July 18, 1922.

@if A @j THOMAS SIEGER DEER, OF BROOKLNE, MASSACHUSETTS.

FLUID-FUEL BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 1S, 1922.

Application filed. January 16, 1920. Serial No. 351,828,

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that l, Trroims S. Dunn, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Brookline, in the county of Norfolk and l )K1 State of Massachusetts, have invented new' and useful lmprovements in Fluiddfuel Burners, of which the'following is a speciiication.

My invention relates to improvements in fluid fuel burners, while broadly applicable to all such burners it is particularly adapted for use in connection with burners to be used with self-propelled vehicles where space is restricted.

Burners heretofore in use are broadly divided into two classes, in one of which the fuel is introduced vertically through the center of the burner, andin the other of which the fuel lead is horizontal and introduced from the side. While substantiallyT uniform distribution of fuel can be obtained from some forms of burners in which the fuel is introduced verticallyT from below, these burners require considerable space. This is largely due to the fact that it is necessary to provide a suitable mixing chamber in which the fuel may become properly raporized and mixed with air before entering the burner proper. Burners receiving fuel horizontally yrequire a space of less vertical depth as the mixing chamber may be located beside rather than below the burner. Such burners, as ordinarily constructed, however, have the serious defect that the flame is not evenly distributed, but spreads in a more or less narrow fau from the nozzle or from the junction of the mixing chamber and the'burner proper. 'The uneven distribution of the Hame causes the boiler heated by the flame to be ineiiciently operated. y y

Tt is an object of my present invention to provide an improved liquid fuel burner in which the fuel is introduced from the side, thus reducing the depth of the device, and in which the flame is uniformly distributed,

thus obviating the usual objection to 'later-v ally fed burners.

lt is also an objectfto provide means in` connection with a horizontally fed burner,

whereby the fuel may be divided and de flected so that it is uniformly supplied to the several burner openings. lt is an object to provide, in connection with such fuel distribution, a burner having a plurality of laterally faced openings. Tt is an additional i vble spray.

Yof the burner 8.

object to provide means in the combustion chamber adapted to so direct the iame as to distribute it uniformly about the burner. Other and further objects will appear as the description proceeds.

I have illustrated a preferred embodiment of my invention in the accompanying Figure 1 is an elevation partly cut away showing my burner in connection with a boiler;

Figure 2 is a view taken on line 22 of Fig. l;

Figure 3 is a side elevation of the burner;

Figure 4 is a planview of Fig. 3 with the top removed;

Figure 5 is a horizontal cross section of the bur-ner;

Figure 6 is aA section taken on line (3 6 of Fig. 5, and on a somewhat larger scale; and

Figure 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 but taken on the lineV 7 7. Y

ris shown in Fig. 1, the burner 8 is located in the combustion chamber 9 under the boiler 10. The fuel is fed through the pipe 11 which is passed over the burner in order to heat the fuel to facilitate vapor ization. An electric heating coil 112 is placed about the pipe 11 in advance of the nozzle,

Vfor heating the fuel in starting the burner.

The fuel is introduced through suitan nozzle 13 which emits the fuel in the form of jet or vapor or a `fine This vapor or spray passes' into the mixing chamber 14, and from that chainber through the opening 15 into theV interior ychanges to `arectangular cross section '16' As shown in Figs and.y

adjacent its junction with the burner. This portion which is rectangular in cross section increases in size asit approaches the burner, as clearlyy shown in Fig'. 5. This conformation' ofthe mixing chamber aids in uniformly distributing the fuel in the burner. 7

The burner short cylindrical metallic casing'having an integral solid bottom, sides with fa plurality of perforations 17 therein, and a top 155 which is preferably removable. The `rperforations 17 are made of suoli size that the flame will not pass inside the burner proper but will extend from the perforation in the )ro er com rises `a relativel f form of jets. The top maybe detachably connected to the body of the burner by bolts or any other suitable means (not shown). Y

inside the burner are two pairs, 19 and 20, of oppositely curved Vanes. One end of each of these vanes isv located adjacent the opening 15 from the mixing chamber, and the four vanes operate to divide the incoming stream of fuel and air into five streams each of which is directed by the adjacent vanes against a certain portion of the burner. The vanes do not extend fully to the side walls of the burner but stop a short distance therefrom, allowing a certainmngling of adjacent streams. The exact form of the ,curve to be given the vanes will depend somewhat on the character of the fuel mixture and the velocity with which the mixture is introduced into the burner, but the curves will be of the general type shown in Figs. 4 and 5.

Located in the combustion chamber are the venes 21 and 22, their inner ends being spaced somewllat from the burner and their outer ends similarly spaced from the outer wall of the chamber. These vanes are placed so that Vanes 21 are substantially continuations of vanes 19 and vanes 22 bear a similar relation to the vanes 20. These outer vanes 2l and Q2 act to deflect the jets of flame in the same manner that the vanes 19 and 2O deflect the incoming' fuel and'air. The outer vanes are not essential to my invention since the inner vanes so distribute the fue-l that the perforated portion of the burner delivers a substantially uniform mass of llame jets. Approximately onessixth of the lateral burner surface is, however, occupied by the junction of the mixing chamber and the burner head and these outer vanes are desirable in order to spread and deflect the flames so that they cover the mixing chamber andv entirely surround the burner head with a uniform mass of flame.

I clainr:

1.` A hollow cylindrical fuel burner head having perforated side walls and a phirality of vanes adapted to distribute fuel substantially uniformly to the perforations.

2. A hollow cylindrical fuel burner head having perforated side walls and a plurality of horizontally curved, vertically disposed vanes adapted to distribute fuel substantially uniformly to the perforations.

' 3. A hollow cylindrical fuel lmrner head having perforated side walls and a plurality of vanes adapted to distribute fuel substantially uniformly to the perforations, and having means to admit fuel horizontally through the sides of the burner so that said v fuel will impinge upon the vanes.

el. A fuel burner comprising a horizontally disposedmixing chamber, and a hollow fuel burner head having vanes therein adapted to distribute fuel substantially and uniformly Vthroughout the head.

5. A fuel burner comprising a tubular horizontally disposed mixing chamber, the outer end of the chamber being circular in cross section and the end of the chamber adjacent the burner being rectangular in cross-section, and a hollow fuel burner having vanos therein adapted to distribute fuel substantially uniformly throughout the head.

(3. A fuel burner comprising a tubular horizontally disposed mixinochamber, the outer end of the chamber being circular in cross section and the end of the chamber adjacent the burner being flaring and rectangular in cross section, the transition from one cross section to the other being gradual, and a hollow fuel burner having vanes therein adapted to distribute fuel `substantially uniformly throughout Vthe j head.

7. fuel burner comprising a horizontally disposed mixing chamber, a` hollow fuel burner head having vanes therein adapted to (.listribr-tt-3 fuel substantially uniformly throughout the head, and vanes adjacent the outer face of the burner head adapted to substantially uniformally distribute flames from the burner.

S. A fuel, burner comprising a horizontally disposed mixing chamber, a hollow fuel burner head having` vanes therein adapted to distribute fuel substantially uniformly throlughout the head, and vanes adjacent the outer face of the burner head adapted to substantially uniformly distribute flames from the burner, these latter vanes being in substantial alignment with the inner vanes.

9. A fuel burner comprising a horizontally disposed mixing chamber, and a hollow fuel burner head having vanos therein adapted to distribute fuel sulistantially uniformly throughout the head, one end of each'of said vanes being adjacent the opening from the `.mixing chamber to the burner head.

10. fuel burner. comprising a horizontally disposed mixing chamber.v and a hollow fuel burner head having` vanes therein adapted to' distribute fuel substantially uniformly throughout the head, one end of each of said vanes being adjacent the opening from the mixing chamberto the burner head,`

the vanes curving away from the diameter of the burner headf which passes through the airis of the mixing chamber and diverging from each other. i i i Signed by meV at Boston, l\/[assachusetts, this thirteenth day of January, 1920.

TnoMa-s smsen nuns,

CERTIFICATE OF (SORREC'IT10N.V

Patent No. 1,423,312, grantedl July 18, 1922.

to THOMAS SIEGER DERR.

1t is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above mentioned patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2, line 65, claim 4,

after the worn "substantially" strike out the word "and"; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record o1 the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 1st day of March, A. D. 1927.

M. J. Moore, Seal. Acting Commissioner ot Patents. 

